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Content note: 1See Andrews (2014), especially chapter 12, for more information about citations.They can also be used in published works for copyright permissions. Writers might add a content note to supplement the information in the essay or paper too. However, footnote referencing can be found in APA style, too. Content notes: 1See Davids, especially chapter 5-12, to show the different personality theories presented…ĭesigned for writing science works, APA also uses an author-date citation.Bibliographic citation: 1Sigmund Freud, Totem and Taboo (New York: Random, 1918) 26., David Chartreuse, Personalities Theory (New York: Redriver Books, 2001) 71.Difficult bibliographic citations might happen if an idea comes from multiple sources, making using the author-page citation too difficult. Footnotes come into play for difficult bibliographical citations and content notes. The standard in-text citations are author-page. Modern Language Associationĭesigned for communications and humanities writing, MLA can use footnotes. The way that each of these referencing styles approaches and formats a footnote is a little different. MLA and APA will also use footnotes but to provide content or copyright information, and not typically for attribution. Typically, Oxford, Chicago and Turabian will use footnotes for in-text citations. Referencing Stylesįootnotes can be used in several different writing styles. All you will see in the body of the work instead is a superscript number that corresponds with the footnotes at the bottom of the page. Unlike author-date or author-page, footnotes will provide the information at the bottom of the page rather than in the text itself. Similar to author-date or author-page, footnotes give you a glimpse into where the information came from.

Using Footnotesįootnotes are one way to make in-text citations.

Don’t fret! In this article, you’ll learn all the different footnote referencing styles, why you might use footnotes, and how to use them through examples.

Understanding which styles use them, when they use them and how to use them can have you scratching your head in confusion. So, you’ve ventured into the wacky world of footnotes.